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NIDCR/CDC
Dental, Oral and Craniofacial
Data Resource Center
Oral Health, U.S. 2002 Annual Report
Section G:  TABLES SECTION

Table 1.1.1. Untreated dental caries prevalence among children (aged 2–4 and 6–8 years), adolescents (aged 12–15 years) and adults (aged 35–44 years) by selected demographic characteristics

 

Percentage of Untreated Decay (dt/DT) (95% C I)

Age 2–4 Years

Age 6–8 Years

Age 12–15 Years

Age 35–44 Years

Total

16.25 (14.20, 18.31)

28.45 (24.99, 31.91)

17.87 (14.93, 20.81)

26.12 (23.60, 28.65)

Race/ethnicity

        

Non-Hispanic white

11.15 (8.74, 13.55)

22.37 (17.97, 26.76)

14.64 (11.03, 18.26)

21.90 (18.87, 24.93)

Non-Hispanic black

22.25 (18.13, 26.37)

35.12 (31.93, 38.31)

28.35 (23.38, 33.31)

45.92 (41.60, 50.25)

Mexican American

30.22 (27.61, 32.83)

47.16 (40.89, 53.43)

29.77 (25.59, 33.95)

33.49 (29.91, 37.08)

American Indian/Alaska Native*

68 (NA)

72 (NA)

69 (NA)

68 (NA)

Gender

        

Male

16.77 (14.08, 19.27)

25.37 (21.04, 29.69)

17.13 (13.92, 20.35)

28.55 (25.05, 32.04)

Female

15.71 (12.87, 18.54)

32.02 (27.07, 36.98)

18.64 (14.03, 23.25)

23.96 (20.29, 27.62)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

       

Below FPL

25.90 (21.27, 30.53)

47.32 (40.93, 53.70)

30.18 (22.02, 38.35)

50.74 (45.71, 55.76)

At or above FPL

11.86 (10.08, 13.63)

21.63 (17.74, 25.52)

14.57 (11.43, 17.71)

23.07 (20.36, 25.78)

Education**

        

Less than 12th grade

25.73 (20.77, 30.70)

44.33 (37.43, 51.23)

29.83 (24.81, 34.85)

47.57 (41.12, 54.01)

12th grade

16.56 (14.00, 19.12)

30.06 (24.03, 36.10)

20.58 (15.34, 25.81)

33.14 (28.81, 37.48)

Greater than 12th grade

9.90 (7.56, 12.25)

17.71 (12.73, 22.69)

8.58 (5.48, 11.67)

15.50 (13.00, 18.00)

Below FPL

        

Non-Hispanic white

23.29 (14.17, 32.41)

43.95 (32.02, 55.89)

26.35 (11.74, 40.97)

48.60 (38.10, 59.10)

Non-Hispanic black

23.69 (19.21, 28.16)

39.98 (32.97, 46.99)

31.35 (24.23, 38.46)

57.36 (49.55, 65.18)

Mexican American

33.07 (28.21, 37.94)

56.02 (48.23, 63.80)

40.50 (31.98, 49.03)

54.02 (45.27, 62.77)

At or Above FPL

        

Non-Hispanic white

8.82 (6.78, 10.86)

18.04 (13.12, 22.96)

12.79 (9.29, 16.31)

20.31 (17.14, 23.47)

Non-Hispanic black

20.63 (15.00, 26.26)

31.63 (25.34, 37.92)

28.19 (21.69, 34.68)

42.39 (36.87, 47.91)

Mexican American

26.50 (19.65, 33.36)

38.88 (27.74, 50.02)

19.47 (13.07, 25.88)

22.16 (18.27, 26.05)

* Data are for the Indian Health Service areas for 1999. NA: Not available.

** For children and adolescents this variable represents the education of the head of household; for persons aged 35to 44 this variable represents the sample person’s education.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 1.2.1. Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces among children (aged 6–8 years), adolescents (aged 12–15 years), and adults (aged 35–44 years) by selected demographic characteristics

NHANES III

Mean DMFS (95% C I)

6–8 Years

12–15 Years

35–44 Years

Total

0.33 (0.26, 0.41)

4.47 (3.96, 4.99)

42.51 (40.74, 44.28)

Race/ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white

0.29 (0.18, 0.40)

4.46 (3.68, 5.23)

43.60 (41.48, 45.72)

Non-Hispanic black

0.30 (0.21, 0.39)

3.64 (3.12, 4.16)

44.48 (42.02, 46.94)

Mexican American

0.42 (0.27, 0.58)

4.25 (3.60, 4.90)

27.29 (25.81, 28.77)

Gender

      

Male

0.33 (0.23, 0.43)

4.20 (3.59, 4.80)

41.03 (38.95, 43.11)

Female

0.33 (0.22, 0.44)

4.76 (4.01, 5.52)

43.83 (41.47, 46.20)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

      

Below FPL

0.32 (0.22, 0.43)

5.32 (4.14, 6.50)

43.98 (39.73, 48.22)

At or above FPL

0.33 (0.23, 0.42)

4.18 (3.53, 4.83)

42.29 (40.34, 44.24)

Sealants

      

Yes

0.54 (0.30, 0.78)

4.27 (2.80, 5.75)

--

No

0.31 (0.23, 0.39)

4.53 (4.02, 5.05)

--

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 1.2.2. Decayed and filled surfaces among children (aged 2ţ4 and 6–8 years)

NHANES III

Mean dfs (95% C I)

2–4 Years

6–8 Years

Total

1.41 (1.13, 1.69)

3.96 (3.49, 4.43)

Race/ethnicity

    

Non-Hispanic white

0.91 (0.62, 1.21)

3.15 (2.59, 3.71)

Non-Hispanic black

1.66 (1.19, 2.12)

4.15 (3.36, 4.94)

Mexican American

2.75 (2.38, 3.12)

5.70 (4.63, 6.78)

Gender

    

Male

1.30 (0.95, 1.66)

4.06 (3.31, 4.80)

Female

1.52 (1.20, 1.83)

3.85 (3.24, 4.46)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

    

Below FPL

2.33 (1.70, 2.97)

5.79 (4.94, 6.64)

At or above FPL

1.00 (0.75, 1.24)

3.34 (2.74, 3.95)

Sealants

    

Yes

NA

4.65 (3.21, 6.10)

No

NA

3.98 (3.43, 4.52)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 1.3.1. Trends in primary dentition untreated dental caries prevalence among children (aged 2–4 and 6–8 years) and trends in permanent dentition untreated dental caries among children (aged 6–8 years), adolescents (aged 12–15 years) and adults (aged 35–44 years) by selected demographic characteristics
 

Prevalence (95% C I)

2–4 Years—Primary (ds)

6–8 Years—Primary (ds)

6–8 Years—Permanent (DS)

NHANES I

NHANES III

NHANES I

NHANES III

NHANES I

NHANES III

Total

16.68 (14.30, 19.06)

15.90 (13.83, 17.98)

48.65 (44.36, 52.93)

26.52 (23.29, 29.76)

20.98 (16.81, 25.15)

6.34 (4.55, 8.14)

Race/ethnicity

            

Non-Hispanic white

15.02 (12.77, 17.27)

10.79 (8.36, 13.23)

44.87 (40.09, 49.64)

20.69 (16.65, 24.72)

19.08 (13.79, 24.38)

4.47 (2.22, 6.72)

Non-Hispanic black

18.95 (13.24, 24.66)

22.00 (18.12, 25.87)

50.87 (43.72, 58.02)

33.48 (30.26, 36.67)

23.70 (17.40, 30.00)

7.28 (4.69, 9.87)

Mexican American

31.53 (16.43, 46.62)

30.11 (27.36, 32.86)

78.61 (64.48, 92.74)

44.75 (38.27, 51.24)

35.95 (18.67, 53.24)

10.49 (7.40, 13.58)

Gender

            

Male

17.74 (14.18, 21.30)

16.25 (13.61, 18.90)

49.79 (44.45, 55.13)

24.18 (20.26, 28.11)

21.98 (17.54, 26.43)

4.32 (2.29, 6.36)

Female

15.54 (12.31, 18.77)

15.53 (12.71, 18.36)

47.46 (42.06, 52.87)

29.23 (24.54, 33.93)

19.97 (14.42, 25.53)

8.60 (5.20, 12.01)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

            

Below FPL

20.58 (15.19, 25.96)

25.79 (21.20, 30.39)

65.79 (58.42, 73.16)

45.24 (39.13, 51.35)

28.09 (19.84, 36.33)

9.95 (5.53, 14.36)

At or above FPL

15.77 (13.44, 18.10)

11.40 (9.65, 13.15)

43.99 (39.39, 48.59)

19.74 (16.16, 23.33)

19.02 (14.51, 23.52)

4.99 (3.04, 6.93)

Education (head of household)

            

Less than 12th grade

23.78 (17.36, 30.21)

25.69 (20.72, 30.66)

63.31 (56.64, 69.97)

41.56 (35.00, 48.13)

27.42 (21.52, 33.31)

9.36 (6.23, 12.50)

12th grade

17.84 (13.97, 21.72)

16.26 (13.63, 18.88)

46.77 (40.37, 53.17)

28.12 (22.63, 33.61)

20.15 (11.45, 28.85)

6.38 (2.97, 9.80)

More than 12th grade

7.57 (4.95, 10.18)

9.36 (6.97, 11.75)

31.28 (22.93, 39.62)

16.27 (11.39, 21.16)

11.72 (7.15, 16.28)

4.65 (1.88, 7.43)
 

Prevalence (95% C I)

12–15 Years—Permanent (DS)

35–44 Years—Permanent (DS)

NHANES I

NHANES III

NHANES I

NHANES III

Total

53.19 (48.95, 57.44)

16.91 (13.86, 19.96)

40.30 (37.22, 43.37)

26.12 (23.60, 28.65)

Race/ethnicity

        

Non-Hispanic white

48.70 (43.81, 53.59)

13.64 (9.78, 17.49)

37.72 (34.11, 41.34)

21.90 (18.87, 24.93)

Non-Hispanic black

65.15 (58.91, 71.39)

27.35 (22.59, 32.12)

43.39 (38.83, 47.96)

45.92 (41.60, 50.25)

Mexican American

51.06 (40.80, 61.32)

28.34 (24.42, 32.25)

46.81 (22.93, 70.69)

33.49 (29.91, 37.08)

Gender

        

Male

51.03 (46.52, 55.54)

15.97 (12.53, 19.41)

43.99 (39.33, 48.66)

28.55 (25.05, 32.04)

Female

55.42 (49.93, 60.90)

17.89 (13.38, 22.40)

36.89 (33.91, 39.86)

23.96 (20.29, 27.62)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

        

Below FPL

69.26 (64.17, 74.36)

29.42 (21.26, 37.59)

60.87 (53.36, 68.38)

50.74 (45.71, 55.76)

At or above FPL

50.17 (45.59, 54.75)

13.54 (10.23, 16.84)

38.20 (35.27, 41.13)

23.07 (20.36, 25.78)

Education (head of household)*

        

Less than 12th grade

67.15 (62.29, 72.00)

28.71 (23.73, 33.68)

48.81 (45.13, 52.50)

47.57 (41.12, 54.01)

12th grade

49.23 (43.21, 55.26)

20.09 (14.79, 25.39)

39.78 (35.07, 44.48)

33.14 (28.81, 37.48)

More than 12th grade

35.68 (29.14, 42.21)

7.29 (4.22, 10.37)

32.16 (28.10, 36.22)

15.50 (13.00, 18.00)

* The sample person’s education level is used in the 35–44 years age group.

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971–1975, and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 2.1.1. Children and adolescents with dental sealants by age group and selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Percentage of Children with Dental Sealants on 1st or 2nd Molars (95% C I)

Aged 8–10 (N=1,611)

Aged 14–16 (N=1,194)

Total

26.09 (20.02, 32.15)

22.18 (17.18, 27.18)

Race/ethnicity

   

Non-Hispanic white

30.58 (22.87, 38.30)

29.06 (22.50, 35.62)

Non-Hispanic black

12.59 (9.84, 15.33)

8.13 (4.46, 11.80)

Mexican American

16.67 (11.48, 21.86)

9.35 (5.41, 13.30)

Gender

   

Male

25.65 (17.55, 33.75)

18.63 (12.23, 25.02)

Female

26.55 (20.55, 32.54)

25.72 (19.94, 31.50)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

   

Below FPL

14.62 (6.05, 23.20)

14.89 (5.63, 24.15)

At or Above FPL

30.11 (23.79, 36.44)

24.96 (19.03, 30.89)

Below FPL

   

Non-Hispanic white

16.48 (4.44, 28.53)

28.63 (9.33, 47.93)

Non-Hispanic black

12.38 (6.70, 18.07)

7.11 (3.64, 10.58)

Mexican American

10.71 (3.41, 18.01)

3.37 (0.81, 5.94)

At or Above FPL

   

Non-Hispanic white

33.15 (25.46, 40.83)

29.56 (22.32, 36.80)

Non-Hispanic black

14.02 (10.39, 17.66)

9.45 (4.28, 14.62)

Mexican American

22.56 (12.94, 32.17)

13.82 (6.80, 20.85)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

 

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Table 2.2.1. Percentage of U.S. population receiving fluoridated water through public water systems by state—United States, 2000

State

Percentage

State

Percentage

United States

65.8

Missouri

80.5

Alabama

89.2

Montana

22.2

Alaska

55.2

Nebraska

77.7

Arizona

55.5

Nevada

65.9

Arkansas

59.9

New Hampshire

43.0

California

28.7

New Jersey

15.5

Colorado

76.9

New Mexico

76.7

Connecticut

88.8

New York

67.8

Delaware

80.9

North Carolina

83.3

District of Columbia

100.0

North Dakota

95.4

Florida

62.6

Ohio

87.6

Georgia

92.9

Oklahoma

74.6

Hawaii

9.0

Oregon

22.7

Idaho

45.4

Pennsylvania

54.2

Illinois

93.4

Rhode Island

85.1

Indiana

95.3

South Carolina

91.2

Iowa

91.3

South Dakota

88.4

Kansas

62.5

Tennessee

94.5

Kentucky

96.1

Texas

65.7

Louisiana

53.2

Utah

2.0

Maine

75.4

Vermont

54.2

Maryland

90.7

Virginia

93.3

Massachusetts

55.8

Washington

57.8

Michigan

90.7

West Virginia

87.0

Minnesota

98.2

Wisconsin

89.3

Mississippi

46.0

Wyoming

30.3

Source: 2000 Water Fluoridation Reporting System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/nohss/FluoridationV.asp)

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Table 3.1.1 Prevalence of gingivitis among adults aged 20 and older by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Gingivitis

N=13,003

Percent (95% C I)

Total

52.90 (48.70, 57.10)

Age

  

20–29

58.12 (52.97, 63.27)

30–39

49.08 (43.75, 54.42)

40–49

49.76 (45.33, 54.18)

50–59

54.06 (49.14, 58.98)

60–69

52.68 (46.64, 58.72)

70–79

55.03 (49.78, 60.27)

80–90

56.20 (50.29, 62.12)

Race/ethnicity

  

Non-Hispanic white

50.14 (45.39, 54.89)

Non-Hispanic black

58.19 (54.08, 62.30)

Mexican American

66.47 (62.30, 70.65)

Gender

  

Male

56.85 (52.55, 61.15)

Female

49.14 (44.66, 53.61)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

  

Below FPL

64.63 (60.07, 69.20)

At/above FPL

51.24 (46.78, 55.70)

Education

  

Less than 12th grade

60.93 (56.96, 64.89)

12th grade

53.82 (48.66, 58.98)

More than 12th grade

48.30 (43.51, 53.10)

Ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes

  

Yes

50.73 (46.42, 55.04)

No

55.26 (50.50, 60.02)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 3.2.1. Destructive periodontal disease1 among adults aged 20 and older by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Destructive periodontal disease

N=12,976

Percent (95% C I)

Total

26.14 (24.41, 27.88)

Age

  

20–29

6.08 (4.58, 7.58)

30–39

18.19 (15.34, 21.04)

40–49

28.13 (25.42, 30.83)

50–59

46.21 (42.67, 49.74)

60–69

52.55 (46.86, 58.24)

70–79

55.72 (50.91, 60.53)

80–90

67.51(61.31, 73.71)

Race/ethnicity*

  

Non-Hispanic white

27.04 (25.18, 28.91)

Non-Hispanic black

38.63 (36.48, 40.78)

Mexican American

33.52 (31.89, 35.15)

Gender*

  

Male

34.00 (32.09, 35.90)

Female

24.46 (22.49, 26.44)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

  

Below FPL

42.22 (39.20, 45.24)

At/above FPL

27.39 (25.68, 29.10)

Education*

  

Less than 12th grade

38.96 (36.72, 41.21)

12th grade

30.80 (28.22, 33.37)

More than 12th grade

23.03 (20.70, 25.36)

Ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes*

  

Yes

35.09 (32.87, 37.32)

No

21.81 (20.17, 23.45)

1 Destructive periodontal disease is defined as having a loss of attachment of at least 4 mm at one or more sites.

*Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.1.1. Adults aged 18 and older with full dentition by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

NHANES III

BRFSS

N=16,818

N=19,243

Percent (95% C I)

Percent (95% C I)

Total

30.20 (28.74, 31.66)

50.10 (49.72, 50.48)

Age

    

18–24

65.19 (62.32, 68.06)

83.02 (81.99, 84.06)

25–34

45.29 (42.08, 48.51)

69.27 (68.36, 70.17)

35–44

30.11 (26.95, 33.27)

54.22 (53.35, 55.09)

45–54

16.82 (14.31, 19.33)

39.37 (38.41, 40.34)

55–64

9.70 (7.55, 11.85)

25.41 (24.35, 26.47)

65–74

5.85 (4.23, 7.47)

17.96 (16.96, 18.95)

75–84

2.23 (1.64, 2.82)

15.41 (14.24, 16.58)

85 and older

0.26 (0, 0.78)

14.44 (11.81, 17.07)

Race/ethnicity*

    

Non-Hispanic white

32.66 (30.79, 34.52)

53.17 (52.76, 53.59)

Non-Hispanic black

19.17 (17.42, 20.92)

34.71 (33.60, 35.83)

Mexican American/Hispanic**

30.69 (29.67, 31.70)

47.17 (45.68, 48.66)

Gender*

    

Male

30.72 (28.92, 32.53)

50.35 (49.77, 50.94)

Female

29.54 (27.97, 31.12)

49.81 (49.31, 50.30)

Education*

    

Less than 12th grade

20.33 (18.41, 22.25)

35.71 (34.47, 36.96)

12th grade

26.80 (24.76, 28.85)

42.81 (42.14, 43.48)

More than 12th grade

37.65 (36.05, 39.26)

57.39 (56.89, 57.88)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

    

Below FPL

20.22 (18.24, 22.20)

NA

At/above FPL

31.84 (30.29, 33.40)

NA

Income*

    

Less than $15,000

NA

36.96 (35.67, 38.26)

$15,000-$24,999

NA

39.48 (38.52, 40.44)

$25,000-$34,999

NA

46.08 (45.11, 47.05)

$35,000-$49,999

NA

51.24 (50.32, 52.15)

More than $50,000

NA

60.32 (59.50, 61.15)

Below FPL*

    

Non-Hispanic white

22.09 (18.13, 26.06)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

15.07 (13.05, 17.08)

NA

Mexican American

27.73 (25.75, 27.68)

NA

At/above FPL*

    

Non-Hispanic white

33.63 (31.63, 35.62)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

21.03 (19.03, 23.03)

NA

Mexican American

32.64 (31.52, 33.77)

NA

* Age standardized to the year 2000 US population.

** Mexican American group refers to NHANES III and Hispanic to BRFSS.

Data sources: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.2.1. Adults aged 20 and older with 21 or more teeth by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Percent (95% C I)

Total

71.73 (69.88, 73.59)

Age

  

20–29

97.18 (96.15, 98.21)

30–39

90.78 (88.65, 92.91)

40–49

75.28 (71.60, 78.96)

50–59

52.01 (48.87, 55.16)

60–69

41.23 (38.15, 44.32)

70–79

29.87 (26.27, 33.47)

80 and older

28.21 (19.87, 36.55)

Race/ethnicity*

  

Non-Hispanic white

73.11 (71.35, 74.87)

Non-Hispanic black

61.21 (59.53, 62.90)

Mexican American

77.79 (76.69, 78.82)

Gender*

  

Male

72.15 (70.69, 73.62)

Female

71.68 (69.80, 73.57)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

  

Below FPL

61.29 (58.45, 64.12)

At/above FPL

73.54 (72.05, 75.03)

Education*

  

Less than 12th grade

59.02 (56.68, 61.36)

12th grade

69.93 (68.11, 71.74)

More than 12th grade

82.15 (80.92, 83.37)

Age group by race/ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white

Non-Hispanic black

Mexican American
 

Percent (95% C I)

20–29

96.77 (95.35, 98.18)

97.96 (97.21, 98.71)

99.24 (98.81, 99.67)

30–39

92.01 (89.23, 94.78)

82.55 (80.14, 84.96)

95.94 (94.82, 97.05)

40–49

76.95 (72.44, 81.46)

58.60 (54.37, 62.82)

85.87 (83.17, 88.57)

50–59

53.76 (49.91, 57.61)

33.42 (27.83, 39.01)

67.46 (62.07, 72.85)

60–69

43.83 (40.35, 47.32)

23.26 (18.68, 27.84)

46.19 (40.76, 51.61)

70–79

31.52 (27.63, 35.41)

18.10 (13.59, 22.61)

31.96 (24.15, 39.76)

80 and older

32.23 (22.93, 41.52)

2.13 (0, 6.15)

11.34 (0, 28.73)

* Age standardized to the year 2000 US population.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Back to previous screen

 

Table 4.2.2. Adults aged 50 and older with 21 or more teeth by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

N=5,903

Percent (95% C I)

Total

42.41 (40.03, 44.78)

Age

  

50–59

52.01 (48.87, 55.16)

60–69

41.23 (38.15, 44.32)

70–79

29.87 (26.27, 33.47)

80 and older

28.21 (19.87, 36.55)

Race/ethnicity*

  

Non-Hispanic white

45.39 (42.58, 48.21)

Non-Hispanic black

27.58 (23.62, 31.54)

Mexican American

52.48 (49.04, 55.92)

Gender*

  

Male

43.65 (40.22, 47.08)

Female

43.92 (40.97, 46.87)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

  

Below FPL

24.20 (18.87, 29.54)

At/above FPL

47.01 (44.42, 49.61)

Education*

  

Less than 12th grade

25.31 (21.93, 28.69)

12th grade

41.76 (38.63, 44.90)

More than 12th grade

62.81 (59.91, 65.71)

Below FPL*

  

Non-Hispanic white

24.14 (16.68, 31.60)

Non-Hispanic black

23.36 (15.95, 30.78)

Mexican American

47.48 (39.62, 55.34)

At/above FPL*

  

Non-Hispanic white

47.85 (45.07, 50.63)

Non-Hispanic black

29.88 (25.75, 34.01)

Mexican American

57.10 (51.12, 63.07)

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.3.1. Edentulous adults 65 to 74 years old by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

NHIS 1998

BRFSS 1999

N=854

N=4,338

Percent (95% C I)

Total

24.72 (23.03, 26.42)

21.79 (20.82, 22.76)

Race/ ethnicity

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

24.86 (22.93, 26.79)

21.97 (20.91, 23.02)

Non-Hispanic black

27.66 (22.18, 33.14)

27.49 (23.68, 31.30)

Hispanic

20.75 (15.67, 25.82)

17.23 (13.50, 20.96)

Gender

 

 

Male

24.46 (21.70, 27.22)

19.91 (18.40, 21.43)

Female

22.93 (22.72, 27.15)

23.22 (21.96, 24.49)

Education

 

 

Less than 12 years

39.07 (35.71, 42.43)

38.83 (36.20, 41.46)

12 years

25.04 (22.21, 27.86)

22.79 (21.17, 24.42)

More than 12 years

12.77 (10.56, 14.98)

12.09 (10.89, 13.29)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

 

Below FPL

37.28 (31.52, 43.04)

NA

At/above FPL

25.13 (22.89, 27.37)

NA

Income

 

 

Less than $15,000

NA

37.14 (34.34, 39.94)

$15,000–$24,999

NA

26.94 (24.71, 29.17)

$25,000–$34,999

NA

19.06 (16.40, 21.73)

$35,000–$49,999

NA

12.95 (10.29, 15.62)

More than $50,000

NA

7.72 (5.94, 9.51)

Below FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

35.83 (22.53, 49.14)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

38.39 (30.39, 46.39)

NA

Hispanic

33.40 (21.12, 45.69)

NA

At/above FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

18.50 (12.48, 24.51)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

25.78 (23.27, 28.30)

NA

Hispanic

25.87 (19.13, 32.60)

NA

Data sources: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.3.2. Edentulous adults 45 to 64 years old by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

NHIS 1998

BRFSS 1999

N=916

N=4,996

Percent (95% C I)

Total

9.65 (8.90, 10.39)

9.10 (8.68, 9.53)

Race/ ethnicity

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

10.34 (9.46, 11.23)

10.38 (8.85, 11.92)

Non-Hispanic black

8.05 (6.37, 9.73)

6.07 (4.67, 7.47)

Hispanic

6.23 (4.70, 7.76)

9.40 (8.94, 9.87)

Gender

 

 

Male

9.56 (8.55, 10.58)

8.52 (7.89, 9.15)

Female

9.72 (8.78, 10.67)

9.66 (9.09, 10.22)

Education

 

 

Less than 12 years

23.19 (20.77, 25.61)

23.04 (21.17, 24.92)

12 years

11.42 (10.00, 12.84)

12.44 (11.58, 13.30)

Greater than 12 years

4.76 (4.11, 5.41)

4.06 (3.70, 4.42)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

 

Below FPL

18.67 (15.81, 21.54)

NA

At/above FPL

8.75 (7.91, 9.58)

NA

Income

 

 

<$15,000

NA

19.35 (17.46, 21.24)

$15,000–$24,999

NA

16.17 (14.65, 17.69)

$25,000–$34,999

NA

11.08 (9.78, 12.39)

$35,000–$49,999

NA

7.60 (6.65, 8.54)

>=$50,000

NA

3.61 (3.09, 4.13)

Below FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

11.14 (5.40, 16.87)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

24.52 (19.99, 29.05)

NA

Hispanic

11.11 (7.18, 15.04)

NA

At/above FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

5.12 (3.39, 6.86)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

9.33 (8.34, 10.32)

NA

Hispanic

7.34 (5.25, 9.42)

NA

Data sources: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.3.3. Edentulous adults 25 to 44 years old by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

NHIS 1998

BRFSS 1999

N=271

N=793

Percent (95% C I)

Total

2.18 (1.84, 2.52)

1.24 (1.08, 1.40)

Race/ ethnicity

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

2.31 (1.88, 2.75)

1.63 (1.11, 2.15)

Non-Hispanic black

1.95 (1.19, 2.72)

0.69 (0.22, 1.17)

Hispanic

1.36 (0.87, 1.85)

1.30 (1.13, 1.46)

Gender

 

 

Male

2.05 (1.59, 2.52)

1.09 (0.87, 1.31)

Female

2.31 (1.80, 2.81)

1.39 (1.15, 1.63)

Education

 

 

Less than 12 years

4.09 (3.10, 5.08)

3.04 (2.22, 3.86)

12 years

2.56 (1.91, 3.21)

1.93 (1.55, 2.32)

More than 12 years

1.55 (1.16, 1.95)

0.55 (0.43, 0.68)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

 

Below FPL

3.42 (2.27, 4.57)

NA

At/above FPL

1.95 (1.60, 2.30)

NA

Income

 

 

<$15,000

NA

2.61 (1.86, 3.36)

$15,000–$24,999

NA

2.18 (1.58, 2.79)

$25,000–$34,999

NA

1.38 (0.99, 1.76)

$35,000–$49,999

NA

0.82 (0.58, 1.06)

>=$50,000

NA

0.56 (0.38, 0.75)

Below FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

1.35 (0.45, 2.24)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

5.44 (3.0, 7.88)

NA

Hispanic

2.34 (0.67, 4.01)

NA

At/above FPL

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

1.12 (0.57, 1.68)

NA

Non-Hispanic black

2.04 (1.60, 2.47)

NA

Hispanic

1.93 (0.90, 2.97)

NA

Data sources: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 4.4.1 Edentulous adults who had and used their dentures

Characteristics

Overall

65-74 Year Olds

75 Years and Older

N=1,549

N=535

N=798

Percent (95% C I)

Total

83.32 (80.52,86.13)

89.08 (86.03, 92.13)

77.73 (72.51, 82.95)

Age

      

18–24

--

NA

NA

25–34

93.08 (82.12, 104.04)

NA

NA

35–44

79.60 (66.60, 92.59)

NA

NA

45–54

83.35 (74.97, 91.72)

NA

NA

55–64

82.67 (78.35, 87.0)

NA

NA

65–74

89.08 (86.03, 92.13)

NA

NA

75+

77.73 (72.51, 82.95)

NA

NA

Race/ethnicity

      

Non-Hispanic white

84.49 (81.45, 87.54)

90.00 (86.98, 93.03)

79.78 (74.00, 85.57)

Non-Hispanic black

74.30 (69.26, 79.35)

84.13 (77.27, 91.00)

64.71 (54.78, 74.63)

Mexican American

75.24 (67.82, 82.66)

82.98 (71.40, 94.57)

59.37 (50.63, 68.11)

Gender

      

Male

79.87 (75.84, 83.89)

85.60 (80.50, 90.70)

75.26 (68.75, 81.77)

Female

86.07 (83.11, 89.04)

91.89 (87.94, 95.85)

79.33 (73.81, 84.86)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

      

Below FPL

71.22 (65.82, 76.62)

73.08 (61.76, 84.41)

67.76 (61.19, 74.33)

At/above FPL

85.79 (82.74, 88.85)

90.90 (87.03, 94.78)

79.84 (73.79, 85.89)

Education

     

Less than 12th grade

77.36 (73.60, 81.12)

83.61 (79.21, 88.02)

75.35 (69.73, 80.97)

12th grade

88.94 (85.84, 92.04)

93.90 (89.96, 97.84)

78.42 (67.63, 89.22)

More than 12th grade

94.70 (91.31, 98.08)

98.70 (96.68, 100.71)

88.48 (78.82, 98.14)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 5.1.1. Adults aged 18 and older with a self-assessed oral health status of good or better

Characteristic

Percent (95% C I)*

Total

65.06 (63.15, 66.97)

Age

 

18–24

70.99 (67.85, 74.13)

25–34

68.46 (65.58, 17.35)

35–44

66.74 (63.40, 70.07)

45–54

66.61 (62.57, 70.66)

55–64

58.65 (55.15, 62.15)

65–74

56.68 (53.85, 59.52)

75 and older

53.32 (48.71, 57.92)

Race/ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white

69.22 (66.97, 71.48)

Non-Hispanic black

50.99 (49.22, 52.76)

Mexican American

43.37 (41.30, 45.43)

Gender*

 

Male

64.38 (62.30, 66.46)

Female

65.55 (63.22, 67.88)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

Below FPL

44.25 (40.68, 47.82)

At/above FPL

68.01 (66.20, 69.83)

Education

 

Less than 12th grade

45.80 (43.66, 47.94)

12th grade

62.84 (59.97, 65.71)

More than 12th grade

76.28 (74.52, 78.03)

Smoking status

 

Never

70.63 (68.72, 72.53)

Former

69.20 (66.46, 71.94)

Current

52.19 (48.07, 56.32)

Dental visit within past year

 

Yes

71.24 (69.16, 73.33)

No

50.60 (48.17, 53.03)

Below FPL

 

Non-Hispanic white

50.42 (43.67, 57.16)

Non-Hispanic black

41.30 (38.01, 44.59)

Mexican American

34.28 (31.85, 36.72)

At or above FPL

 

Non-Hispanic white

70.76 (68.60, 72.92)

Non-Hispanic black

54.30 (51.77, 56.83)

Mexican American

49.93 (47.20, 52.65)

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population, except those for age subgroups.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 6.1.1. Adults aged 18 and older with oral infections and benign lesions

Characteristics

Angular cheilitis (N=128)

Herpes labialis (N=232)

Papillomas/Warts (N=111)

Recurrent aphthous ulcerations

(N=134)

Percent (95% C I)

Total

2.46 (1.64, 3.29)

5.66 (4.69, 6.63)

1.94 (1.33, 2.56)

2.97 (2.31, 3.64)

Age

 

 

 

 

18–24

0.69 (0, 1.91)

9.21 (4.22, 14.20)

1.22 (0, 3.03)

8.77 (5.03, 12.50)

25–34

2.41 (0.69, 4.13)

7.49 (3.95, 11.03)

0.41 (0, 1.05)

5.04 (2.52, 7.55)

35–44

1.81 (0.34, 3.29)

4.06 (1.49, 6.62)

1.75 (0.46, 3.05)

2.83 (1.32, 4.35)

45–54

0.91 (0.12, 1.71)

7.60 (4.80, 10.39)

2.75 (0.93, 4.57)

1.09 (0.27, 1.91)

55–64

3.10 (1.81, 4.38)

3.91 (1.94, 5.88)

1.86 (0.84, 2.89)

1.49 (0.28, 2.70)

65–74

3.53 (1.85, 5.22)

4.94 (2.61, 7.27)

3.37 (1.51, 5.23)

1.75 (0.67, 2.83)

75 and older

5.51 (3.06, 7.96)

3.05 (1.38, 4.72)

2.20 (0.92, 3.49)

1.40 (0.40, 2.39)

Race/ethnicity

 

 

 

 

Non-Hispanic white

2.80 (1.80, 3.81)

6.19 (5.03, 7.35)

1.86 (1.17, 2.54)

2.83 (2.11, 3.54)

Non-Hispanic black

0.49 (0.07, 0.92)

2.01 (1.17, 2.85)

2.17 (1.17, 3.18)

1.56 (0.60, 2.52)

Mexican American

1.81 (1.00, 2.61)

9.48 (6.02, 12.94)

2.23 (1.07, 3.38)

5.07 (3.53, 6.62)

Gender

 

 

 

 

Male

2.22 (1.33, 3.12)

6.22 (4.78, 7.66)

2.35 (1.53, 3.17)

3.36 (2.16, 4.56)

Female

2.72 (1.78, 3.65)

5.07 (3.79, 6.35)

1.50 (0.77, 2.24)

2.56 (1.75, 3.37)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

 

 

 

Below FPL

3.20 (1.44, 4.95)

5.16 (3.16, 7.15)

2.35 (0.72, 3.99)

2.68 (1.01, 4.34)

At/above FPL

2.44 (1.55, 3.34)

5.75 (4.62, 6.88)

1.73 (1.14, 2.32)

2.88 (2.04, 3.72)

Education

 

 

 

 

Less than 12th grade

3.43 (2.34, 4.52)

5.54 (3.58, 7.50)

2.43 (1.28, 3.59)

1.89 (0.94, 2.84)

12th grade

2.63 (1.39, 3.88)

6.37 (4.85, 7.90)

1.94 (0.89, 2.99)

3.22 (2.30, 4.14)

Greater than 12th grade

1.45 (0.60, 2.30)

5.05 (3.11, 6.99)

1.53 (0.70, 2.36)

3.73 (1.99, 5.46)

Dental visits

 

 

 

 

Within the past year

1.74 (0.84, 2.64)

5.86 (4.46, 7.25)

1.92 (1.12, 2.73)

3.26 (2.26, 4.26)

More than one year ago

3.37 (2.22, 4.53)

5.37 (3.57, 7.17)

1.95 (1.16, 2.74)

2.64 (1.53, 3.75)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 7.1.1. Visits to a dentist during the past year among those aged 2 years and older

Characteristics

N=26,619

Percent (95% C.I.)

Total

67.24 (65.65, 68.84)

Age

 

2–4

36.45 (33.77, 39.13)

5–14

77.56 (74.97, 0.14)

15–24

68.26 (65.62, 70.90)

25–34

67.97 (64.99, 70.95)

35–44

72.53 (69.61, 75.44)

45–54

70.05 (66.80, 73.30)

55–64

64.67 (61.23, 68.11)

65–74

59.21 (55.00, 63.42)

75–84

51.53 (46.14, 56.93)

85 and older

48.78 (42.87, 54.70)

Race/ethnicity

 

Non-Hispanic white

70.31 (68.43, 72.19)

Non-Hispanic black

58.16 (55.87, 60.45)

Mexican American

51.88 (49.56, 54.21)

Gender

 

Male

64.10 (62.27, 65.93)

Female

70.19 (68.37, 72.00)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

Below FPL

50.56 (47.78, 53.34)

At or above FPL

70.99 (69.41, 72.58)

Education1

 

Less than 12th grade

49.79 (47.52, 52.05)

12th grade

65.83 (63.82, 67.83)

More than 12th grade

79.24 (77.56, 80.92)

Below FPL

  

Non-Hispanic white

52.15 (47.12, 57.19)

Non-Hispanic black

50.68 (48.06, 53.30)

Mexican American

40.92 (38.73, 43.10)

At or above FPL

 

Non-Hispanic white

72.57 (70.77, 74.38)

Non-Hispanic black

62.68 (59.96, 65.41)

Mexican American

61.03 (57.95, 64.11)

1 Education represents the education of the head of the household for persons under 18; otherwise, it represents the education of the individual person.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 7.3.1. Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger who received preventive dental services during 1997 by type of service

Characteristics

General exam or consultation

Cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing

X-rays, radiographs, or bitewings

Fluoride treatment

Fillings

Orthodontia, braces, or retainers
 

Percent receiving services

Total percent

35.3 (33.5, 37.1)

30.9 (29.1, 32.7)

17.5 (16.2, 18.8)

12.4 (11.1, 13.7)

7.7 (7.0, 8.5)

7.0 (6.2, 7.8)

Age

            

Under 6

17.4 (15.6, 19.2)

13.2 (11.7, 14.8)

6.0 (4.9, 7.2)

6.2 (5.0, 7.3)

3.1 (2.4, 3.9)

--

6–8

44.0 (40.5, 47.6)

39.6 (36.1, 43.1)

23.0 (20.0, 26.0)

19.7 (16.6, 22.7)

11.7 (9.6, 13.8)

--

9–11

50.3 (46.6, 53.9)

45.0 (41.5, 48.6)

27.6 (24.5, 30.6)

20.0 (17.2, 22.8)

10.5 (8.5, 12.4)

9.2 (7.3, 11.2)

12–15

42.4 (39.0, 45.7)

38.2 (34.9, 41.4)

20.7 (18.2, 23.3)

13.1 (10.7, 15.5)

8.2 (6.8, 9.6)

17.8 (15.4, 20.1)

16–18

37.6 (34.4, 40.8)

33.5 (30.3, 36.8)

20.4 (17.7, 23.0)

9.0 (7.0, 10.9)

9.5 (7.6, 11.3)

10.1 (8.0, 12.3)

Race/ethnicity

            

Non-Hispanic white and other

40.8 (38.6, 43.1)

36.5 (34.2, 38.8)

20.4 (18.6, 22.1)

15.3 (13.6, 17.0)

8.6 (7.6, 9.5)

8.9 (7.9, 10.0)

Non-Hispanic black

23.0 (20.1, 25.8)

19.3 (16.5, 22.0)

10.6 (8.7, 12.5)

6.3 (4.8, 7.9)

--

--

Hispanic

22.9 (20.4, 25.3)

17.7 (15.4, 19.9)

11.8 (9.9, 13.8)

5.6 (4.1, 7.2)

7.2 (5.8, 8.5)

2.9 (2.0, 3.7)

Gender

            

Male

33.9 (31.8, 36.0)

29.9 (27.8, 32.0)

17.2 (15.5, 18.9)

11.9 (10.3, 13.5)

7.3 (6.3, 8.3)

5.4 (4.6, 6.3)

Female

36.7 (34.6, 38.8)

32.0 (29.8, 34.1)

17.8 (16.2, 19.4)

13.0 (11.4, 14.5)

8.2 (7.1, 9.3)

8.6 (7.5, 9.7)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

            

Below FPL

22.6 (20.0, 25.2)

17.3 (14.9, 19.7)

11.2 (9.2, 13.1)

4.7 (3.3, 6.1)

7.8 (6.3, 9.3)

--

At/Above FPL

38.4 (36.4, 40.4)

34.3 (32.3, 36.2)

19.1 (17.6, 20.6)

14.4 (12.9, 15.9)

7.7 (6.9, 8.6)

8.2 (7.2, 9.1)

Insurance status

            

Any private a

41.4 (39.3, 43.6)

37.3 (35.2, 39.5)

20.3 (18.6, 22.0)

15.6 (13.8, 17.3)

7.8 (6.9, 8.8)

9.2 (8.2, 10.3)

Any public

24.2 (21.7, 26.6)

18.4 (16.2, 20.6)

12.4 (10.3, 14.5)

5.9 (4.6, 7.3)

9.0 (7.4, 10.6)

--

Uninsured

17.0 (14.0, 20.0)

13.6 (10.9, 16.2)

9.4 (7.0, 11.7)

--

--

--

-- Sample size insufficient to produce reliable national estimates.

aIncludes CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA which cover military dependents and veterans respectively.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Table 7.3.2A. Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger living below the federal poverty level during 1997 by extent of dental services received

Characteristics

No preventive dental services

Basic preventive dental servicesa

Any preventive dental servicesb

 

Percent receiving services

Total percent

74.8 (72.1, 77.4)

24.5 (21.9, 27.2)

25.2 (22.6, 27.9)

Age

      

Under 6

85.8 (83.2, 88.5)

14.1 (11.5, 16.7)

14.2 (11.5, 16.8)

6–8

69.1 (62.9, 75.4)

30.3 (24.1, 36.4)

30.9 (24.6, 37.1)

9–11

65.8 (59.2, 72.3)

33.0 (26.4, 39.6)

34.2 (27.7, 40.8)

12–15

67.8 (61.9, 73.7)

31.7 (25.7, 37.7)

32.2 (26.3, 38.1)

16–18

71.6 (65.1, 78.1)

--

28.4 (21.9, 34.9)

Race/ethnicity

      

Non-Hispanic white and other

70.0 (65.1, 74.9)

29.5 (24.6, 34.4)

30.0 (25.1, 34.9)

Non-Hispanic black

78.0 (73.3, 82.7)

21.4 (16.8, 26.0)

22.0 (17.3, 26.7)

Hispanic

78.4 (75.2, 81.7)

20.4 (17.4, 23.6)

21.6 (18.3, 24.8)

Gender

      

Male

76.5 (73.2, 79.7)

23.0 (19.7, 26.2)

23.5 (20.3, 26.8)

Female

73.0 (69.7, 76.3)

26.1 (22.8, 29.5)

27.0 (23.7, 30.3)

Insurance status

      

Any privatec

71.9 (65.3, 78.6)

27.7 (21.1, 34.3)

28.1 (21.4, 34.7)

Any public

73.9 (70.8, 77.0)

25.3 (22.2, 28.4)

26.1 (23.0, 29.2)

Uninsured

86.0 (80.8, 91.1)

--

--

-- Sample size insufficient to produce reliable national estimate.

a Includes general exam or consultation; cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing; x-rays, radiographs, or bitewings; or fluoride treatment.

b Includes general exam or consultation; cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing; x-rays, radiographs, or bitewings; fluoride treatment; fillings; or orthodontia.

cIncludes CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA which cover military dependents and veterans respectively.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Table 7.3.2B. Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger living at or above the federal poverty level during 1997 by extent of dental services received

Characteristics

No preventive dental services

Basic preventive dental servicesa

Any preventive dental servicesb
 

Percent receiving services

Total percent

56.2 (54.3, 58.2)

40.9 (38.9, 42.8)

43.8 (41.8, 45.7)

Age

      

Under 6

80.7 (78.6, 82.9)

19.1 (17.0, 21.3)

19.3 (17.1, 21.4)

6–8

46.4 (42.5, 50.3)

52.2 (48.3, 56.2)

53.6 (49.7, 57.5)

9–11

40.1 (36.4, 43.8)

57.3 (53.5, 61.1)

59.9 (56.2, 63.6)

12–15

44.6 (41.3, 48.0)

48.3 (44.8, 51.8)

55.4 (52.0, 58.7)

16–18

51.4 (47.9, 54.9)

44.3 (40.7, 47.8)

48.6 (45.1, 52.1)

Race/ethnicity

      

Non-Hispanic white and other

51.7 (49.4, 53.9)

45.1 (42.8, 47.4)

48.3 (46.1, 50.6)

Non-Hispanic black

70.2 (66.0, 74.5)

28.1 (24.0, 32.2)

29.8 (25.5, 34.0)

Hispanic

70.7 (67.4, 74.0)

27.6 (24.4, 30.9)

29.3 (26.0, 32.6)

Gender

      

Male

58.1 (55.7, 60.6)

39.4 (37.0, 41.7)

41.9 (39.4, 44.3)

Female

54.2 (51.8, 56.6)

42.5 (40.1, 44.9)

45.8 (43.4, 48.2)

Insurance status

      

Any privatec

51.6 (49.5, 53.7)

45.1 (42.9, 47.2)

48.4 (46.3, 50.5)

Any public

70.8 (66.2, 75.4)

28.1 (23.5, 32.6)

29.2 (24.6, 33.8)

Uninsured

78.2 (74.2, 82.1)

20.9 (17.0, 24.8)

21.8 (17.9, 25.8)

a Includes general exam or consultation; cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing; x-rays, radiographs, or bitewings; or fluoride treatment.

b Includes general exam or consultation; cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing; x-rays, radiographs, or bitewings; fluoride treatment; fillings; or orthodontia.

c Includes CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA which cover military dependents and veterans respectively.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Table 7.4.1 States, districts, and schools with oral health-related services and policies at school-based health centers, 2000

Level

State

District

School

Requirements

Percent

Percent (95% C I)

Percent (95% C I)

Oral health screening

17.6

31.1 (27.04, 35.00)

N A

Parental notification

87.5

98.3 (96.05, 100.23)

98.0 (96.11, 99.55)

Teacher notification

0

68.1 (61.14, 75.51)

57.3 (51.41, 63.08)

Identify/refer dental problems

28.0

43.7 (39.47, 48.01)

54.5 (51.29, 57.66)

NA: Not available.

Source: School of Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 via Brener ND, Burstein GR, DuShaw ML, Vernon ME, Wheeler L, Robinson J. Health Services: results from the School of Health Policies and Programs Study 2000. Journal of School Health 2001;71(7):294–304. Materials used with the permission of the American School Health Association.

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Table 7.6.1 Full-time equivalent dental care employees and dental directors by state, 2000

States

Full-time equivalents employed in state dental health programs
(including state dental director)

Full-time dental director

Alabama

2

Yes

Alaska

2.5

No

Arizona

11

Yes

Arkansas

2

Yes

California

4.5

No

Colorado

3.2

Yes

Connecticut

2

No

District of Columbia

No data available

No data available

Delaware

19

Yes

Florida

4.5

Yes

Georgia

3

Yes

Hawaii

25.6

Yes

Idaho

1.5

Yes

Illinois

6

Yes

Indiana

10

Yes

Iowa

4

Yes

Kansas

0

No

Kentucky

2.75

No

Louisiana

2.2

Yes

Maine

4

Yes

Maryland

2

Yes

Massachusetts

3

No

Michigan

1

Yes

Minnesota

1

Yes

Mississippi

2

No

Missouri

7

Yes

Montana

1

Yes

Nebraska

3

Yes

Nevada

1.7

No

New Hampshire

1

Yes

New Jersey

3

No

New Mexico

16

Yes

New York

12

Yes

North Carolina

80

Yes

North Dakota

3.6

Yes

Ohio

19

Yes

Oklahoma

14

Yes

Oregon

0.5

No

Pennsylvania

No data available

No data available

Rhode Island

No data available

No data available

South Carolina

0

No

South Dakota

No data available

No data available

Tennessee

No data available

No data available

Texas

73

Yes

Utah

3

No

Vermont

7

Yes

Virginia

0

No

Washington

2

No

West Virginia

1.5

No

Wisconsin

1

Yes

Wyoming

2.5

No

Data source: Oral Health Resources 2000, National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www2.cdc.gov/nccdphp/doh/synopses/index.asp

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Table 7.7.1 Adults with a usual source of dental care, 1971 - 1975

Characteristics

Percent (95%C I)
 

N=6,805

Total

68.43 (66.52, 70.33)

Age

  

25–34

69.98 (66.77, 73.19)

35–44

76.29 (72.85, 79.73)

45–54

72.75 (70.18, 75.32)

55–64

61.49 (57.89, 65.09)

65–74

53.82 (50.31, 57.34)

Race

  

White

70.87 (68.85, 72.88)

Black

47.72 (42.81, 52.64)

Other

56.12 (41.31, 70.93)

Gender

  

Male

63.96 (61.45, 66.46)

Female

72.46 (70.27, 74.64)

Education

  

Less than high school

52.22 (48.78, 55.66)

High school graduate

73.74 (71.38, 76.11)

More than high school

82.62 (80.20, 85.04)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

  

Below FPL

40.63 (33.23, 48.03)

At/above FPL

71.12 (68.42, 73.82)

Dental visit

 

Less than a year ago

93.63 (92.53, 94.73)

A year ago or more

51.02 (48.12, 53.91)

Data source: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 7.8.1. Percent of population who received preventive dental services during 1997 by type of service

 

Characteristics

General dentist, dental hygienist, or dental technician seen

 

General exam or consultation

Cleaning, prophalaxis, or polishing

X-rays, radiographs, or bitewings

 

Fluoride treatment

 

 

Fillings

 

 

Sealants
 

Percent receiving services

Total percent

39.6 (38.4,40.7)

33.3 (32.1, 34.4)

30.7 (29.5, 31.9)

19.3 (18.5, 20.2)

5.4 (4.9, 6.0)

9.6 (9.1, 10.1)

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

Age

              

Under 6

17.9 (16.1, 19.7)

17.4 (15.6, 19.2)

13.2 (11.7, 14.8)

6.0 (4.9, 7.2)

6.2 (5.0, 7.3)

3.1 (2.4, 3.9)

--

6–18

46.9 (44.9, 49.0)

43.5 (41.2, 45.7)

39.0 (36.7, 41.3)

22.8 (21.0, 24.6)

15.3 (13.5, 17.1)

9.8 (8.9, 10.8)

4.8 (4.0, 5.6)

19–34

34.1 (32.3, 35.8)

27.8 (26.1, 29.5)

26.3 (24.5, 28.0)

17.5 (16.2, 18.9)

3.6 (2.8, 4.3)

8.6 (7.7, 9.4)

--

35–49

44.8 (43.1, 46.6)

36.6 (34.8, 38.4)

34.3 (32.5, 36.0)

22.9 (21.3, 24.5)

3.1 (2.5, 3.7)

10.7 (9.7, 11.6)

--

50–64

44.9 (42.9, 47.0)

35.9 (33.9, 37.9)

34.2 (32.3, 36.2)

22.5 (20.7, 24.2)

2.2 (1.6, 2.8)

10.5 (9.4, 11.7)

--

65 and over

37.5 (35.1, 39.9)

29.3 (27.1, 31.6)

27.8 (25.7, 30.0)

16.5 (14.6, 18.4)

--

12.6 (11.1, 14.1)

--

Race/ethnicity a

              

Non-Hispanic White and other

44.2 (42.9, 45.6)

37.6 (36.2, 38.9)

35.3 (33.9, 36.7)

21.9 (20.9, 23.0)

6.1 (5.4, 6.7)

10.9 (10.3, 11.5)

1.5 (1.2, 1.7)

Non-Hispanic Black

24.4 (22.5, 26.3)

18.8 (17.0, 20.6)

15.9 (14.2, 17.6)

9.9 (8.6, 11.1)

3.4 (2.6, 4.3)

4.7 (3.9, 5.5)

--

Hispanic

25.1 (23.3, 26.9)

20.5 (18.8, 22.3)

16.6 (15.0, 18.1)

12.6 (11.2, 14.0)

3.4 (2.7, 4.1)

6.3 (5.5, 7.2)

--

Gender

              

Male

36.4 (35.1, 37.7)

30.5 (29.2, 31.8)

28.0 (26.7, 29.3)

17.4 (16.4, 18.4)

5.1 (4.5, 5.8)

9.0 (8.4, 9.5)

1.1 (0.9, 1.3)

Female

42.6 (41.2, 43.9)

35.9 (34.6, 37.2)

33.3 (31.9, 34.7)

21.2 (20.2, 22.2)

5.7 (5.1, 6.3)

10.2 (9.5, 10.9)

1.5 (1.2, 1.7)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

             

Below FPL

22.7 (21.1, 24.3)

17.7 (16.2, 19.3)

14.0 (12.5, 15.5)

9.8 (8.5, 11.1)

2.8 (2.1, 3.5)

6.6 (5.7, 7.5)

--

At/Above FPL

42.2 (41.0, 43.4)

35.7 (34.4, 36.9)

33.3 (32.1, 34.6)

20.8 (19.9, 21.7)

5.8 (5.3, 6.4)

10.1 (9.5, 10.6)

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

Insurance status

              

Any private b

45.7 (44.4, 47.0)

39.0 (37.7, 40.4)

37.0 (35.6, 38.3)

22.7 (21.6, 23.7)

6.5 (5.9, 7.2)

10.8 (10.2, 11.4)

1.5 (1.2, 1.7)

Any public

26.3 (24.6, 27.9)

20.8 (19.2, 22.3)

16.2 (14.8, 17.7)

11.9 (10.5, 13.2)

3.1 (2.3, 3.8)

8.0 (7.0, 9.0)

--

Uninsured

19.1 (17.4, 20.8)

13.9 (12.4, 15.5)

10.9 (9.6, 12.2)

8.3 (7.0, 9.6)

--

4.4 (3.7, 5.2)

--

-- Sample size insufficient to produce reliable national estimates.

a MEPS reports race/ethnicity as Hispanic, black-not Hispanic, and other (including whites).

b Includes CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA which cover military dependents and veterans, respectively.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Table 7.9.1. Adults who did not visit a dentist during the past 12 months due to cost by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

NHANES I (1971-1975)*

BRFSS (1997)*
 

Percent (95% C I)

Total

34.08 (30.50, 37.66)

24.31 (23.29, 25.33)

Age

    

18–24

--

31.10 (27.64, 34.55)

25–34

37.11 (31.73, 42.49)

31.96 (29.62, 34.31)

35–44

27.55 (21.36, 33.75)

31.11 (28.69, 33.53)

45–54

33.37 (27.12, 39.61)

25.98 (23.15, 28.80)

55–64

38.14 (30.89, 45.40)

16.46 (13.92, 19.0)

65–99

--

7.55 (6.25, 8.84)

65–74

34.18 (25.78, 42.57)

--

Race/ethnicity

    

Non-Hispanic White

--

21.98 (20.90, 23.07)

Non-Hispanic Black

--

20.68 (17.99, 23.37)

Hispanic

--

35.20 (32.07, 38.33)

White

32.83 (28.95, 36.72)

--

Black

41.35 (34.83, 47.87)

--

Gender

    

Male

28.88 (23.93, 33.82)

21.36 (19.88, 22.83)

Female

38.59 (34.22, 42.97)

27.47 (26.08, 28.86)

Education

    

Less than high school

38.95 (34.34, 43.56)

26.37 (24.09, 28.65)

High school graduate

32.52 (27.11, 37.93)

22.87 (21.22, 24.52)

More than high school

27.76 (20.59, 34.94)

24.29 (22.75, 25.83)

Household income

    

Less than $7,000

44.86 (39.46, 50.26)

--

$7,000–$19,999

30.34 (25.63, 35.05)

--

$20,000 and over

19.06 (11.31, 26.81)

--

Less than $15,000

--

33.73 (31.07, 36.40)

$15,000–$24,999

--

29.82 (27.63, 32.01)

$25,000–$34,999

--

23.32 (20.70, 25.94)

$35,000–$49,999

--

19.77 (17.34, 22.21)

More than $50,000

--

14.10 (11.86, 16.35)

*NHANES I: During the past 12 months have you had a dental problem which you would have liked to see a dentist but didn’t see the dentist? Why didn’t you see him…would cost too much?

BRFSS: What is the main reason you have not visited the dentist in the last year…cost?

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 9.1.1. Prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate and other congenital malformations per 100,000 live births

Characteristics

Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Hydrocephalus

Microcephalus

Down’s Syndrome

Total

81.24

24.54

6.23

43.67

Age of mother

        

Less than 20

88.83

30.09

8.09

25.11

20–24

84.73

27.39

6.26

24.95

25–29

76.74

20.30

5.57

25.39

30–34

78.13

23.09

6.09

40.79

35–39

80.68

25.05

5.30

104.77

40–54

90.53

26.56

9.66

322.29

Race/ethnicity of mother

        

Non-Hispanic white

96.09

24.88

59.27

53.09

Non-Hispanic black

45.96

25.80

6.84

21.19

Hispanic

58.96

22.46

6.06

35.17

Education of mother

        

Less than 12th grade

86.11

30.31

7.70

35.24

12th grade

87.13

25.86

7.03

40.17

More than 12th grade

74.77

20.26

4.75

49.83

Gender of infant

        

Male

91.17

25.79

4.87

42.79

Female

70.85

23.23

7.65

44.59

Data source: 1998 Natality Data Set, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 10.1.1. Adults experiencing chronic orofacial pain more than once during past 6 months

Characteristics

Jaw Joint Pain

N=2103

Burning Mouth

N=299

Dull Facial Pain

N=606
 

Percent (95% C I)

Overall

5.33 (5.06, 5.60)

0.74 (0.64, 0.83)

1.49 (1.35, 1.64)

Age

      

20–24

6.70 (5.84, 7.56)

0.63 (0.32, 0.94)

1.66 (1.16, 2.16)

25–34

6.64 (6.09, 7.20)

0.69 (0.49, 0.89)

1.73 (1.45, 2.01)

35–44

5.53 (4.94, 6.12)

0.73 (0.52, 0.94)

1.62 (1.33, 1.92)

45–54

4.51 (3.86, 5.15)

0.67 (0.41, 0.94)

1.43 (1.08, 1.78)

55–64

3.86 (3.20, 4.51)

0.74 (0.52, 0.95)

1.15 (0.77, 1.52)

65 and older

4.10 (3.58, 4.62)

0.94 (0.72, 1.17)

1.18 (0.90, 1.47)

Race/ethnicity

     

Non-Hispanic White

5.56 (5.25, 5.88)

0.71 (0.61, 0.81)

1.56 (1.40, 1.73)

Non-Hispanic Black

3.99 (3.37, 4.61)

0.52 (0.28, 0.75)

1.44 (1.07, 1.80)

Hispanic

5.28 (4.24, 6.32)

0.93 (0.49, 1.34)

1.07 (0.66, 1.48)

Gender

      

Male

3.56 (3.22, 3.90)

0.64 (0.50, 0.78)

1.00 (0.81, 1.18)

Female

6.93 (6.53, 7.32)

0.83 (0.69, 0.96)

1.94 (1.74, 2.14)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

      

Below FPL

7.84 (6.83, 8.85)

1.15 (0.74, 1.57)

2.56 (2.00, 3.11)

At/above FPL

5.17 (4.88, 5.45)

0.69 (0.59, 0.79)

1.36 (1.22, 1.50)

Education

      

Less than 12 years

5.44 (4.87, 6.01)

1.08 (0.84, 1.33)

1.65 (1.31, 1.98)

12 years

5.12 (4.67, 5.57)

0.68 (0.53, 0.82)

1.48 (1.24, 1.71)

Greater than 12 years

5.47 (5.08, 5.87)

0.61 (0.48, 0.74)

1.43 (1.22, 1.63)

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 10.2.1 Adults experiencing acute orofacial pain during the past 6 months

Characteristics

Tooth Pain*

N=4,591

Mouth Sores

N=3,193
 

Percent (95% C I)

Overall

13.57 (13.12, 14.01)

8.43 (8.06, 8.81)

Age

    

20–24

20.10 (18.48, 21.73)

10.65 (9.30, 12.00)

25–34

15.68 (14.79, 16.58)

9.99 (9.18, 10.81)

35–44

13.43 (12.61, 14.26)

8.50 (7.78, 9.22)

45–54

12.45 (11.32, 13.59)

7.60 (6.83, 8.37)

55–64

10.26 (8.92, 11.59)

7.20 (6.41, 7.98)

65 and older

7.10 (6.32, 7.88)

6.28 (5.68, 6.88)

Race/ethnicity

   

Non-Hispanic white

13.07 (12.55, 13.59)

9.01 (8.57, 9.44)

Non-Hispanic black

15.65 (14.36, 16.94)

4.40 (3.75, 5.06)

Hispanic

15.59 (13.81, 17.37)

7.67 (6.35, 9.00)

Gender

   

Male

13.21 (12.54, 13.88)

7.91 (7.34, 8.47)

Female

13.89 (13.32, 14.46)

8.90 (8.44, 9.37)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

    

Below FPL

21.11 (19.46, 22.76)

9.38 (8.26, 10.49)

At/above FPL

13.01 (12.53, 13.49)

8.66 (8.26, 9.06)

Education

    

Less than 12 years

16.15 (15.04, 17.26)

7.51 (6.83, 8.19)

12 years

13.90 (13.20, 14.60)

8.18 (7.66, 8.70)

Greater than 12 years

12.25 (11.65, 12.86)

9.16 (8.53, 9.78)

*Edentulous people were deleted.

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 11.1.1. Incidence of craniofacial injuries among emergency room visits by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Percent (95% C I)
 

N=7,626

Total

11.28 (10.57, 11.99)

Age

  

Less than 15

21.50 (20.58, 22.43)

15–24

11.77 (11.05, 12.50)

25–44

7.43 (6.84, 8.02)

45–64

7.13 (6.59, 7.75)

65–74

7.83 (7.23, 8.43)

75 and older

9.87 (9.20, 10.54)

Race

 

White

11.39 (10.68, 12.11)

Black

10.35 (9.66, 11.03)

Other

13.90 (13.12, 14.68)

Gender

  

Male

10.09 (9.41, 10.76)

Female

12.24 (11.50, 12.97)

Data source: 1999 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 12.1.1. School children aged 12-17 years with smokeless tobacco lesions by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Percent (95% C I)
 

N=17,027

Total

1.5 (0.9, 2.7)

Age in years

 

12–13

0.4 (0.20, 1.00)

14–15

1.4 (0.80, 2.40)

16–17

2.6 (1.40, 4.80)

Race/ethnicity

  

White

2.0 (1.2, 3.6)

Black

0.2 (0.0, 0.7)

Hispanic

0.8 (0.4, 1.8)

Gender

  

Male

2.9 (1.6, 5.2)

Female

0.1 (0.0, 0.2)

Data source: The 1986-1987 National Survey of Oral Health in US School Children, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health via Tomar SL, Winn DM, Swango PA, Giovino GA, Kleinman DV. Oral mucosal smokeless tobacco lesions among adolescents in the United States. J Dent Res 1997;76:1277–86, reprinted with permission from the Journal of Dental Research.

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Table 12.1.2 Smokeless tobacco lesions among adults aged 18 and older by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Percent (95% C I)
 

N = 4,726

Total

5.31 (3.83, 6.79)

Age in years

 

18–24

11.63 (5.04, 18.23)

25–34

11.83 (5.95, 17.71)

35–44

3.81 (2.29, 5.34)

45–54

3.77 (1.79, 5.75)

55–64

2.79 (1.04, 4.53)

65–74

2.85 (1.31, 4.39)

75 and older

1.68 (0.45, 2.91)

Race/ethnicity*

  

Non-Hispanic White

6.97 (4.62, 9.31)

Non-Hispanic Black

4.40 (2.38, 6.42)

Mexican American

1.16 (0.32, 2.00)

Gender*

  

Male

10.60 (7.61, 13.59)

Female

0.65 (0.33, 0.98)

Education*

  

Less than 12th grade

8.08 (4.83, 11.34)

12th grade

7.12 (4.66, 9.58)

More then 12th grade

3.32 (1.52, 5.13)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

  

Below FPL

6.06 (3.72, 8.40)

At/above FPL

6.14 (4.07, 8.22)

*Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 12.2.1 High school students who used tobacco by selected demographic characteristics

 

Category

Percent (95% C I)

Current Cigarette Use*

Smokeless Tobacco Use**

Current Cigar Use***

1993

1995

1997

1999

1993

1995

1997

1999

1999

Total

30.5

(28.6, 32.4)

34.8

(32.6, 37.0)

36.4

(34.1, 38.7)

34.8

(32.3, 37.3)

11.5

(9.9, 13.1)

11.4

(9.7, 13.1)

9.3

(7.1, 11.5)

7.8

(5.6, 10.0)

17.7

(16.0, 19.4)

Race/ethnicity

  

Non-Hispanic white

33.7

(31.5, 35.9)

38.3

(35.7, 40.9)

39.7

(37.3, 42.1)

38.6

(35.4, 41.8)

14.6

(12.8, 16.4)

14.5

(12.8, 16.2)

12.2

(9.7, 14.7)

10.4

(7.0, 13.8)

18.8

(16.4, 21.2)

Non-Hispanic black

15.4

(12.9, 17.9)

19.2

(16.2, 22.2)

22.7

(18.9, 26.5)

19.7

(15.6, 23.8)

2.6

(1.4, 3.8)

2.2

(1.2, 3.2)

2.2

(1.1, 3.3)

1.3

(0.2, 2.4)

13.7

(11.3, 16.1)

Hispanic

28.7

(25.5, 31.9)

34.0

(28.8, 39.2)

34.0

(31.3, 36.7)

32.7

(28.9, 36.5)

4.9

(3.6, 6.2)

4.4

(2.6, 6.2)

5.1

(2.8, 7.4)

3.9

(2.3, 5.5)

16.7

(14.2, 19.2)

Grade

  

9th

27.8

(25.5, 30.1)

31.2

(29.5, 32.9)

33.4

(28.3, 38.5)

27.6

(23.6, 31.6)

10.5

(8.4, 12.6)

11.2

(9.5, 12.9)

9.7

(7.0, 12.4)

6.8

(3.6, 10.0)

13.7

(10.4, 17.0)

10th

28.0

(24.7, 31.3)

33.1

(29.3, 36.9)

35.3

(31.2, 39.4)

34.7

(32.2, 37.2)

11.2

(9.0, 13.4)

9.6

(7.4, 11.8)

6.8

(5.1, 8.5)

7.1

(4.6, 9.6)

17.8

(15.2, 20.4)

11th

31.1

(27.9, 34.3)

35.8

(32.2, 39.4)

36.6

(33.0, 40.2)

36.0

(33.0, 39.0)

11.8

(9.6, 14.0)

13.0

(10.3, 15.7)

10.0

(7.5, 12.5)

8.4

(6.0, 10.8)

18.2

(16.6, 19.8)

12th

34.5

(30.7, 38.3)

38.2

(34.7, 41.7)

39.6

(34.7, 44.5)

42.8

(37.3, 48.3)

12.1

(10.4, 13.8)

11.2

(8.4, 14.0)

10.5

(6.9, 14.1)

8.9

(5.4, 12.4)

22.0

(18.4, 25.6)

Sex

  

Male

29.8

(27.5, 32.1)

35.4

(33.0, 37.8)

37.7

(35.0, 40.4)

34.7

(31.7, 37.7)

20.4

(17.4, 23.1)

19.7

(17.2, 22.2)

15.8

(12.1, 19.5)

14.2

(10.4, 18.0)

25.4

(23.1, 27.7)

Female

31.2

(29.1, 33.3)

34.3

(31.2, 37.4)

34.7

(31.9, 37.5)

34.9

(32.3, 37.5)

2.0

(1.4, 2.6)

2.4

(1.1, 3.7)

1.5

(0.8, 2.2)

1.3

(0.8, 1.8)

9.9

(7.7, 12.1)

*Smoked cigarettes on >=1 of the 30 days preceding the survey.

**Used chewing tobacco or snuff during the 30 days preceding the survey.

***Smoked cigars on >=1 of the 30 days preceding the survey.

Source: MMWR Surveillance Summaries for the 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 12.2.2. Trends in percentage of adult who are current smokers*

Characteristics

Percentage of Current Adult Smokers

1993

1995

1997

1999

Percentage (95% C I)

Total

24.98 (24.22, 25.74)*

24.71 (23.93, 25.49)

24.74 (24.17, 25.31)

23.49 (22.87, 24.11)

Age

       

18–24

25.80 (23.68, 27.93)

24.79 (22.42, 27.17)

28.73 (26.81, 30.65)

27.92 (25.89, 29.96)

25–34

28.73 (27.21, 30.26)

27.94 (26.30, 29.59)

27.48 (26.27, 28.70)

26.21 (24.90, 27.52)

35–44

29.64 (28.08, 31.20)

29.28 (27.56, 31.01)

29.63 (28.44, 30.81)

28.18 (26.83, 29.53)

45–54

28.46 (26.58, 30.35)

25.72 (23.79, 27.65)

26.38 (25.09, 27.68)

25.52 (24.23, 26.81)

55–64

22.55 (20.76, 24.33)

25.23 (23.05, 27.41)

21.43 (19.93, 22.93)

19.93 (18.44, 21.41)

65–99

11.76 (10.55, 12.96)

12.96 (11.73, 14.19)

12.04 (11.26, 12.82)

10.61 (9.76, 11.46)

Race/ethnicity

       

Non-Hispanic White

25.40 (24.54, 26.26)

25.54 (24.61, 26.47)

25.28 (24.56, 26.00)

24.28 (23.54, 25.02)

Non-Hispanic Black

26.09 (24.14, 28.04)

25.88 (23.63, 28.14)

26.77 (25.27, 28.28)

24.26 (22.17, 26.35)

Hispanic

20.39 (17.81, 22.97)

18.32 (16.63, 20.02)

20.37 (19.13, 21.60)

18.10 (16.76, 19.43)

Gender

       

Male

27.70 (26.58, 28.83)

26.99 (25.80, 28.19)

27.62 (26.75, 28.50)

25.70 (24.74, 26.67)

Female

22.49 (21.62, 23.37)

22.62 (21.60, 23.64)

22.08 (21.38, 22.79)

21.46 (20.72, 22.21)

Education

       

Less than high school

30.70 (28.74, 32.67)

30.91 (29.13, 32.68)

30.86 (29.57, 32.16)

29.55 (27.93, 31.17)

High school graduate

29.16 (28.00, 30.31)

28.82 (27.47, 30.18)

28.50 (25.23, 31.77)

24.90 (21.42, 28.38)

More than high school

18.79 (17.79, 19.79)

18.76 (17.71, 19.81)

23.33 (22.72, 23.94)

22.34 (21.66, 23.02)

*Smoked >=100 cigarettes during their lifetime and reported at the time of interview smoking every day or some days.

Data source: 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 13.1.1. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by stage and selected demographic characteristics

SEER Historic Stage

Race

White

Black

All Races

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

In Situ

0.36 (0.33, 0.39)

0.23 (0.17, 0.31)

0.34 (0.31, 0.36)

Localized

3.78 (3.69, 3.87)

2.56 (2.33, 2.80)

3.56 (3.48, 3.64)

Regional

4.26 (4.16, 4.35)

6.72 (6.34, 7.10)

4.50 (4.41, 4.59)

Distant

0.70 (0.66, 0.74)

1.51 (1.34, 1.70)

0.77 (0.73, 0.81)

Unstaged

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

1.45 (1.29, 1.63)

1.11 (1.07, 1.16)

All Stages

10.13 (9.99, 10.28)

12.47 (11.96, 12.99)

10.28 (10.14, 10.41)

SEER Historic Stage

Gender

Male

Female

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

In Situ

0.47 (0.43, 0.52)

0.22 (0.20, 0.25)

Localized

5.11 (4.97, 5.25)

2.31 (2.23, 2.40)

Regional

6.82 (6.66, 6.99)

2.51 (2.42, 2.60)

Distant

1.19 (1.12, 1.26)

0.41 (0.37, 0.45)

Unstaged

1.74 (1.66, 1.82)

0.57 (0.53, 0.61)

All Stages

15.34 (15.09, 15.58)

6.02 (5.88, 6.17)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.1.2. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers for all stages by race

Year

White

Black

All races

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

1973

11.32 (10.77, 11.88)

11.19 (9.27, 13.47)

11.43 (10.92, 11.97)

1974

11.46 (10.95, 11.99)

11.04 (9.21, 13.20)

11.41 (10.93, 11.90)

1975

11.77 (11.27, 12.29)

11.91 (10.18, 13.91)

11.73 (11.26, 12.22)

1976

11.76 (11.26, 12.27)

13.31 (11.50, 15.36)

11.81 (11.34, 12.29)

1977

11.21 (10.73, 11.71)

13.42 (11.62, 15.45)

11.39 (10.94, 11.86)

1978

11.86 (11.36, 12.37)

13.73 (11.93, 15.75)

11.97 (11.50, 12.44)

1979

12.13 (11.63, 12.64)

17.10 (15.13, 19.29)

12.48 (12.01, 12.96)

1980

11.51 (11.03, 12.01)

15.32 (13.48, 17.36)

11.86 (11.40, 12.33)

1981

11.98 (11.50, 12.49)

15.50 (13.66, 17.54)

12.21 (11.75, 12.69)

1982

11.61 (11.13, 12.11)

15.56 (13.74, 17.59)

11.86 (11.41, 12.32)

1983

11.82 (11.33, 12.31)

14.37 (12.62, 16.32)

11.87 (11.43, 12.34)

1984

11.72 (11.24, 12.21)

17.43 (15.52, 19.51)

12.17 (11.72, 12.64)

1985

11.82 (11.34, 12.32)

14.58 (12.86, 16.49)

11.90 (11.45, 12.36)

1986

11.20 (10.73, 11.68)

14.51 (12.81, 16.39)

11.32 (10.89, 11.76)

1987

11.76 (11.29, 12.25)

15.20 (13.46, 17.11)

11.87 (11.44, 12.33)

1988

10.76 (10.31, 11.23)

15.13 (13.41, 17.01)

11.08 (10.65, 11.51)

1989

10.77 (10.32, 11.23)

14.59 (12.92, 16.42)

11.03 (10.61, 11.46)

1990

11.26 (10.80, 11.74)

14.78 (13.11, 16.61)

11.52 (11.10, 11.96)

1991

11.11 (10.66, 11.58)

13.29 (11.72, 15.02)

11.20 (10.78, 11.63)

1992

10.71 10.27, 11.17)

13.57 (12.00, 15.29)

10.87 (10.46, 11.28)

1993

10.98 (10.54, 11.44)

14.78 (13.17, 16.56)

11.24 (10.83, 11.66)

1994

10.28 (9.86, 10.73)

15.00 (13.38, 16.77)

10.68 (10.28, 11.09)

1995

10.40 (9.97, 10.84)

12.25 (10.81, 13.83)

10.44 (10.05, 10.84)

1996

10.17 (9.75, 10.60)

14.32 (12.77, 16.01)

10.57 (10.18, 10.97)

1997

9.89 (9.48, 10.32)

10.52 (9.23, 11.95)

10.04 (9.67, 10.43)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.1.3. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by stage at diagnosis

Year

In Situ

Localized

Regional

Distant

All Stages*

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

1973

0.16 (0.11, 0.24)

4.11 (3.81, 4.44)

3.53 (3.25, 3.83)

1.35 (1.18, 1.54)

11.43 (10.92, 11.97)

1974

0.27 (0.20, 0.36)

4.85 (4.53, 5.17)

3.70 (3.43, 3.98)

1.37 (1.21, 1.55)

11.41 (10.93, 11.90)

1975

0.32 (0.25, 0.41)

4.54 (4.25, 4.85)

4.11 (3.83, 4.40)

1.47 (1.31, 1.65)

11.73 (11.26, 12.22)

1976

0.32 (0.25, 0.41)

4.61 (4.32, 4.92)

4.17 (3.89, 4.46)

1.51 (1.34, 1.69)

11.81 (11.34, 12.29)

1977

0.28 (0.21, 0.36)

4.32 (4.04, 4.62)

4.43 (4.15, 4.73)

1.18 (1.03, 1.33)

11.39 (10.94, 11.86)

1978

0.37 (0.30, 0.47)

4.62 (4.34, 4.92)

4.51 (4.23, 4.81)

1.34 (1.18, 1.50)

11.97 (11.50, 12.44)

1979

0.35 (0.27, 0.44)

4.85 (4.56, 5.15)

4.71 (4.42, 5.01)

1.43 (1.28, 1.61)

12.48 (12.01, 12.96)

1980

0.28 (0.21, 0.36)

4.68 (4.40, 4.98)

4.58 (4.30, 4.88)

1.29 (1.15, 1.46)

11.86 (11.40, 12.33)

1981

0.38 (0.30, 0.48)

4.54 (4.27, 4.84)

4.68 (4.39, 4.98)

1.52 (1.36, 1.70)

12.21 (11.75, 12.69)

1982

0.33 (0.26, 0.41)

4.43 (4.15, 4.72)

4.40 (4.13, 4.69)

1.47 (1.31, 1.64)

11.86 (11.41, 12.32)

1983

0.32 (0.25, 0.40)

4.47 (4.20, 4.76)

4.77 (4.48, 5.06)

1.11 (0.98, 1.26)

11.87 (11.43, 12.34)

1984

0.38 (0.31, 0.48)

4.29 (4.03, 4.57)

5.13 (4.84, 5.44)

1.15 (1.01, 1.30)

12.17 (11.72, 12.64)

1985

0.36 (0.28, 0.45)

4.39 (4.12, 4.67)

4.76 (4.48, 5.06)

1.24 (1.10, 1.40)

11.90 (11.45, 12.36)

1986

0.33 (0.26, 0.42)

4.25 (3.99, 4.53)

4.57 (4.29, 4.85)

1.01 (0.89, 1.15)

11.32 (10.89, 11.76)

1987

0.30 (0.23, 0.38)

4.39 (4.13, 4.67)

4.79 (4.51, 5.08)

1.18 (1.04, 1.33)

11.87 (11.44, 12.33)

1988

0.33 (0.26, 0.41)

3.93 (3.69, 4.20)

4.73 (4.46, 5.03)

0.89 (0.77, 1.02)

11.08 (10.65, 11.51)

1989

0.30 (0.23, 0.38)

3.83 (3.59, 4.09)

4.63 (4.36, 4.92)

0.99 (0.86, 1.12)

11.03 (10.61, 11.46)

1990

0.35 (0.28, 0.44)

3.97 (3.72, 4.23)

4.78 (4.51, 5.07)

0.98 (0.85, 1.11)

11.52 (11.10, 11.96)

1991

0.38 (0.30, 0.46)

3.75 (3.51, 4.00)

4.46 (4.20, 4.74)

0.92 (0.80, 1.05)

11.20 (10.78, 11.63)

1992

0.34 (0.27, 0.43)

3.99 (3.74, 4.24)

4.35 (4.10, 4.63)

0.78 (0.68, 0.90)

10.87 (10.46, 11.28)

1993

0.38 (0.30, 0.46)

3.80 (3.57, 4.05)

4.76 (4.50, 5.05)

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

11.24 (10.83, 11.66)

1994

0.36 (0.29, 0.44)

3.71 (3.48, 3.95)

4.53 (4.27, 4.81)

0.86 (0.75, 0.99)

10.68 (10.28, 11.09)

1995

0.44 (0.36, 0.53)

3.92 (3.68, 4.16)

4.13 (3.88, 4.39)

0.86 (0.75, 0.99)

10.44 (10.05, 10.84)

1996

0.40 (0.32, 0.49)

3.75 (3.52, 4.00)

4.65 (4.39, 4.92)

0.71 (0.61, 0.82)

10.57 (10.18, 10.97)

1997

0.38 (0.30, 0.46)

3.45 (3.23, 3.68)

4.57 (4.32, 4.84)

0.76 (0.65, 0.87)

10.04 (9.67, 10.43)

* The totals in this column also include the unstaged cancers.

** The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.2.1. Adults aged 40 years and older reporting having had an oral and pharyngeal cancer examination

Characteristics

Oral/Pharyngeal Cancer Examination in Past 12 Months

Percent ( 95% C I)

1992

1998

Total

7.6 (6.8, 8.5)

14.7 (14.0, 15.4)

Race/ethnicity

 

Non-Hispanic white

8.4 (7.5, 9.3)

16.6 (15.8, 17.4)

Non-Hispanic black

3.3 (1.7, 4.9)

7.2 (5.8, 8.6)

Hispanic

3.9 (2.1, 5.8)

6.6 (5.2, 7.9)

Gender

 

Male

8.7 (7.4, 10.1)

13.9 (13.0, 14.9)

Female

6.7 (5.8, 7.7)

15.4 (14.6, 16.3)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

 

Below FPL

3.3 (1.6, 4.9)

5.7 (4.4, 7.0)

At or above FPL

8.5 (7.6, 9.4)

16.9 (16.0, 17.8)

Education

 

Less than 12 years

3.6 (2.5, 4.7)

5.7 (4.8, 6.6)

12 years

6.2 (5.0, 7.3)

7.5 (3.9, 11.1)

More than 12 years

11.9 (10.2, 13.5)

17.1 (16.3, 17.9)

Data source: 1992 and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 13.3.1. Oral and pharyngeal cancer deaths (per 100,000)

Total Population, 1998

Percent (95% C I)

Total

2.99 (2.92, 3.05)

Race and ethnicity*

  

American Indian or Alaska Native

2.09 (1.33, 2.86)

Asian or Pacific Islander

2.19 (1.84, 2.55)

Black or African American

4.54 (4.27, 4.81)

White

2.82 (2.76, 2.89)

Hispanic or Latino

1.79 (1.58, 2.00)

Not Hispanic or Latino

3.07 (3.00, 3.14)

Black or African American

4.69 (4.42, 4.97)

White

2.88 (2.81, 2.95)

Gender*

  

Female

1.74 (1.67, 1.81)

Male

4.54 (4.42, 4.66)

Education*

  

Less than 12th grade

5.62 (5.37, 5.86)

12th grade

5.50 (5.31, 5.69)

More than 12th grade

3.17 (3.03, 3.32)

*Data are age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.

Data source: 1998 National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 13.4.1 Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site

Site

Age-Adjusted Rates for Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

Lip

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

Tongue

2.29 (2.23, 2.36)

Salivary gland

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

Floor of mouth

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

Gum and other mouth

1.74 (1.69, 1.80)

Nasopharynx

0.68 (0.65, 0.72)

Tonsil

1.11 (1.06, 1.15)

Oropharynx

0.30 (0.27, 0.32)

Hypopharynx

0.88 (0.84, 0.92)

Other oral cavity and pharynx

0.32 (0.30, 0.35)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.4.2. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site and race

Site

Race

White

Black

All Races

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

Lip

1.15 (1.10, 1.20)

0.14 (0.09, 0.21)

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

Tongue

2.33 (2.26, 2.41)

2.60 (2.37, 2.84)

2.29 (2.23, 2.36)

Salivary gland

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

0.85 (0.72, 0.99)

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

Floor of mouth

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

1.36 (1.19, 1.54)

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

Gum and other mouth

1.74 (1.68, 1.80)

2.25 (2.04, 2.47)

1.74 (1.69, 1.80)

Nasopharynx

0.38 (0.35, 0.41)

0.65 (0.55, 0.78)

0.68 (0.65, 0.72)

Tonsil

1.10 (1.05, 1.15)

1.73 (1.55, 1.94)

1.11 (1.06, 1.15)

Oropharynx

0.28 (0.26, 0.31)

0.60 (0.50, 0.73)

0.30 (0.27, 0.32)

Hypopharynx

0.82 (0.78, 0.87)

1.69 (1.51, 1.89)

0.88 (0.84, 0.92)

Other oral cavity and pharynx

0.32 (0.29, 0.35)

0.59 (0.49, 0.72)

0.32 (0.30, 0.35)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.4.3. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site and stage at diagnosis
Site

In Situ

Localized

Regional

Distant

Unstaged

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

Lip

0.05 (0.04, 0.06)

0.84 (0.81, 0.88)

0.02 (0.02, 0.03)

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

0.07 (0.06, 0.08)

Tongue

0.08 (0.07, 0.10)

0.87 (0.84, 0.91)

0.93 (0.89, 0.98)

0.19 (0.18, 0.21)

0.20 (0.19, 0.22)

Salivary gland

0.00 (0.00, 0.01)

0.45 (0.43, 0.48)

0.40 (0.37, 0.42)

0.05 (0.05, 0.07)

0.08 (0.07, 0.10)

Floor of mouth

0.08 (0.07, 0.10)

0.37 (0.34, 0.39)

0.42 (0.39, 0.44)

0.03 (0.03, 0.04)

0.07 (0.06, 0.08)

Gum and other mouth

0.07 (0.06, 0.08)

0.59 (0.56, 0.62)

0.68 (0.65, 0.71)

0.10 (0.09, 0.11)

0.31 (0.29, 0.33)

Nasopharynx

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

0.06 (0.05, 0.08)

0.42 (0.39, 0.45)

0.09 (0.08, 0.10)

0.11 (0.10, 0.13)

Tonsil

0.02 (0.02, 0.03)

0.16 (0.14, 0.18)

0.71 (0.68, 0.75)

0.11 (0.10, 0.13)

0.10 (0.08, 0.11)

Oropharynx

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

0.04 (0.04, 0.05)

0.18 (0.16, 0.19)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.04 (0.03, 0.05)

Hypopharynx

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

0.12 (0.10, 0.13)

0.58 (0.55, 0.62)

0.11 (0.10, 0.13)

0.06 (0.05, 0.07)

Other oral cavity and pharynx

0.00 (0.00, 0.01)

0.05 (0.04, 0.06)

0.16 (0.14, 0.17)

0.03 (0.03, 0.04)

0.08 (0.07, 0.09)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 13.4.4. Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site and gender

Site

Gender

Male

Female

Male and Female

Rate per 100,000* (95% C I)

Lip

1.85 (1.77, 1.94)

0.34 (0.31, 0.37)

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

Tongue

3.33 (3.22, 3.45)

1.40 (1.33, 1.47)

2.29 (2.23, 2.36)

Salivary gland

1.27 (1.20, 1.34)

0.80 (0.75, 0.85)

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

Floor of mouth

1.42 (1.35, 1.50)

0.57 (0.52, 0.61)

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

Gum and other mouth

2.23 (2.14, 2.32)

1.31 (1.25, 1.38)

1.74 (1.69, 1.80)

Nasopharynx

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.40 (0.36, 0.44)

0.68 (0.65, 0.72)

Tonsil

1.74 (1.65, 1.82)

0.55 (0.51, 0.60)

1.11 (1.06, 1.15)

Oropharynx

0.48 (0.44, 0.53)

0.14 (0.11, 0.16)

0.30 (0.27, 0.32)

Hypopharynx

1.51 (1.43, 1.59)

0.36 (0.32, 0.40)

0.88 (0.84, 0.92)

Other oral cavity and pharynx

0.51 (0.47, 0.56)

0.17 (0.14, 0.19)

0.32 (0.30, 0.35)

* The rates are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 1999 Submission (1992–1997).

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Table 15.1.1. Percentage of adults age 30 and older with diabetes by selected demographic characteristics

Characteristics

Adults with Diabetes

Percentage (95%C I)

Total

6.39 (5.82, 6.96)

Age

 

30–39

1.75 (0.90, 2.60)

40–49

3.91 (2.81, 5.01)

50–59

8.07 (6.42, 9.71)

60–69

12.25 (10.26, 14.24)

70–79

13.18 (11.25, 15.12)

80–89

11.81 (9.95, 13.67)

90 and older

6.70 (1.37, 12.03)

Race/ethnicity

  

Non-Hispanic white

6.05 (5.28, 6.81)

Non-Hispanic black

8.98 (7.82, 10.13)

Mexican American

8.47 (7.48, 9.45)

Gender

  

Male

6.04 (5.42, 6.67)

Female

6.70 (5.74, 7.67)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

  

Below FPL

9.72 (7.73, 11.72)

At or above FPL

5.87 (5.20, 6.54)

Education

  

Less than 12th grade

10.80 (9.76, 11.84)

12th grade

6.20 (5.01, 7.38)

More than 12th grade

3.79 (2.93, 4.66)

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 15.2.1. Percentage of dentate adults aged 50 and older reporting a dental visit in the last year by diabetic status

Characteristics

Diabetics
N = 1,025

Non-diabetics
N = 8,703

Percent (95% C I)

Total

63.24 (59.94, 66.53)

72.33 (71.30, 73.36)

Age

    

50–64

64.22 (59.67, 68.76)

72.57 (71.30, 73.84)

65+

62.37 (57.73, 67.01)

72.02 (70.40, 73.65)

Race/ethnicity

   

Non-Hispanic white

66.16 (62.13, 70.19)

75.21 (74.05, 76.37)

Non-Hispanic black

50.23 (43.24, 57.21)

53.40 (50.31, 56.48)

Hispanic

57.68 (49.90, 65.46)

58.24 (54.42, 62.05)

Gender

   

Male

66.54 (61.55, 71.52)

70.44 (68.83, 72.04)

Female

60.73 (56.47, 64.99)

73.68 (72.48, 74.89)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

   

Below FPL

42.44 (34.00, 50.88)

45.05 (40.87, 49.22)

At or above FPL

68.26 (64.33, 72.19)

74.61 (73.48, 75.74)

Education

   

Less than 12 Years

47.35 (41.60, 53.10)

51.30 (48.66, 53.94)

12 Years

70.14 (48.49, 91.80)

62.59 (54.43, 70.75)

More than 12 Years

70.38 (66.57, 74.20)

77.19 (76.13, 78.26)

Data source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 15.2.2. Percentage of edentulous adults aged 50 and older reporting a dental visit in the last year by diabetes status

Characteristics

Diabetics
N = 432

Non-diabetics
N = 2,145

Percent (95% C I)

Total

16.24 (12.55, 19.92)

18.43 (16.69, 20.17)

Age

    

50–64

10.54 (4.08, 17.00)

19.58 (16.52, 22.64)

65+

18.37 (14.13, 22.63)

17.94 (15.86, 20.12)

Race/ethnicity

   

Non-Hispanic white

15.05 (10.43, 19.68)

17.87 (15.95, 19.79)

Non-Hispanic black

15.81 (7.42, 24.19)

19.49 (14.26, 24.72)

Hispanic

19.31 (9.32, 29.29)

23.58 (16.61, 30.55)

Gender

   

Male

17.20 (11.39, 23.02)

18.33 (15.56, 21.09)

Female

15.70 (11.04, 20.36)

18.50 (16.21, 20.79)

Federal poverty level (FPL)

   

Below FPL

17.26 (8.59, 25.94)

13.33 (9.49, 17.17)

At or above FPL

12.91 (8.64, 17.19)

20.19 (17.88, 22.51)

Education

   

Less than 12 Years

16.47 (11.14, 21.80)

13.88 (11.59, 16.16)

12 Years

38.97 (8.22, 69.72)

6.34 (0.29, 12.39)

More than 12 Years

14.66 (9.47, 19.85)

22.60 (20.00, 25.21)

Data source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 15.4.1. Prevalence of osteoporosis among adults aged 45 and older

Characteristics

Prevalence per 100 Persons 45 and older (95% C I)

N=9,737

Total

4.16 (3.60, 4.75)

Age

 

45–54

1.70 (0.85, 2.56)

55–64

3.73 (2.84, 4.62)

65–74

6.54 (5.10, 8.01)

75–84

7.86 (6.62, 9.10)

85 and older

7.10 (4.71, 9.50)

Race/ethnicity*

 

Non-Hispanic white

4.61 (3.90, 5.34)

Non-Hispanic black

1.76 (1.14, 2.40)

Mexican American

2.17 (1.51, 2.83)

Gender*

 

Male

0.64 (0.42, 0.87)

Female

6.96 (5.97, 7.96)

Education*

 

Less than 12th grade

3.44 (2.43, 4.45)

12th grade graduate

5.64 (4.58, 6.70)

More than 12th grade

3.71 (2.91, 4.51)

Federal poverty level (FPL)*

  

Below FPL

3.49 (2.10, 4.90)

At or above FPL

4.24 (3.60, 4.90)

Below FPL*

  

Non-Hispanic white

4.54 (2.20, 6.90)

Non-Hispanic black

2.04 (0.53, 3.55)

Mexican American

2.26 (0.90, 2.70)

At or Above FPL*

  

Non-Hispanic white

4.59 (3.84, 5.34)

Non-Hispanic black

1.73 (1.01, 2.46)

Mexican American

2.17 (1.15, 3.18)

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 16.1.1. Distribution of U.S. adult population with dental and/or medical insurance by selected demographic characteristics, 1997

Characteristic

With Dental Insurance

With Medical Insurance

N=28,504

N=118,650

Percent (95% C I)

Total

55.70 (55.06, 56.35)

85.88 (85.56, 86.20)

Age

    

18–34

58.09 (56.88, 59.31)

72.63 (71.32, 73.95)

35–54

64.03 (63.04, 65.02)

80.12 (79.28, 80.96)

55+

41.67 (40.53, 42.82)

98.43 (98.21, 98.65)

Race/ethnicity

    

Non-Hispanic white

56.39 (55.69, 57.09)

89.07 (88.77, 89.37)

Non-Hispanic black

60.83 (58.86, 62.81)

81.77 (80.70, 82.83)

Hispanic

46.20 (44.10, 48.30)

69.25 (67.66, 70.84)

Gender

    

Male

56.67 (55.67, 57.66)

84.71 (84.19, 85.23)

Female

54.81 (53.98, 55.63)

86.96 (86.57, 87.35)

Education

   

Less than 12th grade

32.85 (31.11, 34.58)

73.60 (72.39, 74.80)

12th grade

53.51 (52.38, 54.64)

83.90 (83.32, 84.47)

More than 12th grade

63.15 (62.32, 63.98)

90.22 (89.86, 90.58)

Family annual income

   

Less than $15,000

31.52 (29.66, 33.38)

69.57 (68.23, 70.91)

$15,000–$24,999

40.60 (39.09, 42.12)

76.47 (75.58, 77.36)

$25,000–$34,999

54.07 (52.40, 55.75)

85.62 (84.80, 86.44)

$35,000–$49,999

67.78 (66.35, 69.22)

92.30 (91.71, 92.88)

More than $50,000

74.90 (73.81, 76.00)

96.10 (95.74, 96.46)

Note: The medical insurance data shown were obtained in the core survey and thus comes from all states. The dental insurance data come from the following 20 states and are thus nationally representative: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Table 16.2.1. Annual per capita costs for dental services by year and source of payment, 1960-1999
 

1960

1970

1980

1990

1999

U.S. population (in millions)a

186.2

210.2

230.4

254.2

277.8

Total dental expenses ($ millions)

$ 1,963.20

$ 4,669.00

$ 13,322.50

$ 31,502.00

$ 56,050.00

Annual per capita dental costs ($)

$ 10.5

$ 22.2

$ 57.8

$ 123.9

$ 201.8

Source of Payment

         

Out-of-pocket

10.2

20.2

38.3

60.4

92.3

Private health insuranceb

0.2

1.0

16.7

59.9

100.2

Total public funds

0.1

1.0

2.8

3.5

9.3

Medicaidc

0.0

0.8

2.2

3.0

8.3

Medicare

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

Other publicd

0.0

0.2

0.6

0.6

0.6

Note: Dental services include services provided in establishments operated by a doctor of dental medicine (D.M.D.) or doctor of dental surgery (D.D.S.) or doctor of dental science (D.D.Sc.). These establishments are classified as NAICS 6213 Offices of Dentists or SIC 802-Offices and clinics of dentists.

a July 1 Census resident-based population estimates for each year.

b Includes other private revenues including philantrophy.

c Medicaid State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) expansion and SCHIP are included in figures for 1999.

d Other public includes Department of Defense Maternal/Child Health, Veterans’ Administration, Indian Health Services, and General Assistance funds.

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary: National Health Statistics Group and U.S. Census Bureau, National Health Accounts.

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Table 16.2.2. Mean annual dental expense among persons with dental expenses by source of payment and population characteristics, 1977

Population Characteristic

Mean Annual Dental Expense per Person with Dental Expense ($)
(95% C I)

Source of payment

Out of pocket

Private Insurance

Medicaid

Other a

Mean Annual Dental Expense ($)

Total populationb

$ 137 (133, 141)

$99

$25

$3

$10

Age

          

Under 6

55 (51, 59)

33

10

6

6

6–18

142 (136, 148)

106

22

5

9

19–44

126 (122, 130)

84

28

3

11

45–64

159 (151, 167)

114

31

2

12

65 and over

136 (128, 144)

120

5

3

8

Race/ethnicityc

          

Non-Hispanic white and other

138 (134, 142)

101

24

2

10

Non-Hispanic black

114 (107, 121)

61

33

11

9

Hispanic

146 (132, 160)

93

24

17

13