Oral Health, U.S. 2002 Annual Report
Section 13: ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL CANCER
| 13.3 |
Oral and pharyngeal cancer deaths |
Trends in 5-year survival rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer show essentially no changes for whites, blacks, or overall between 1974 and 1994 (Silverman, 2001, Harras et al., 1996; Swango, 1996). The 5-year survival rates between 1989 and 1994 for localized, regional, and distant stages were 82%, 43%, and 21%, respectively, for whites and 69%, 28%, and 13%, respectively, for blacks (Silverman, 2001; Arbes et al., 1999).
Oral and pharyngeal cancers show a differential in 5-year survival between whites and blacks of 22%, with rates of 55% and 33%, respectively, based on SEER data from 1986 to 1993. A multivariate model using SEER data linked to socioeconomic data suggests that lower socioeconomic status, more advanced stage at diagnosis, and differences in treatment accounted for 86% of the excess hazard (Arbes et al., 1999).
The oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality rate from 1988 to 1992 was 2.9 per 100,000. Mortality in males was more than twice that found in females (4.6 compared to 1.7 per 100,000). Mortality in blacks was about twice that of whites (5.2 compared to 2.7 per 100,000), with black males having four times the mortality rate of black females (9.2 compared to 2.2 per 100,000). For all demographic groups mortality is higher among older age groups (Swango, 1996).
SOURCE OF DATA
The analyses reported here are based on data from the 1998 National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All data have been age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population (Anderson & Rosenburg, 1998).
- Differences by race/ethnicity (Figure 13.3.1)
- Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality rate, followed by non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics.
- Differences by gender (Figure 13.3.1)
- The male oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality rate was more than double that of females.
- Differences by education (Figure 13.3.1)
- Those with greater than a 12th grade education had a lower oropharyngeal cancer mortality rate compared to those with a 12th grade education or less.
Bullets reference data that can be found in Table 13.3.1.
REFERENCES
Anderson RC, Rosenberg MH. Age standardization of death rates: implementation of the year 2000 standard, National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 47, No. 3. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics System.
Arbes SJ, Olshan AF, Caplan DJ, Schoenbach VJ, Slade GD, Symons MJ. Factors contributing to the poorer survival of black Americans diagnosed with oral cancer.
Cancer Causes and Control 1999;10:513–523.
Harras A, Edwards BK, Blot WJ, Ries LAG, eds. Cancer Rates and Risks. NIH pub. no. 96–691. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 1996.
Silverman S Jr. Demographics and occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers. The outcomes, the trends, the challenge.
J Am Dent Assoc 2001 Nov;132 Suppl:7S–11S.
Swango PA. Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx in the United States: an epidemiologic review.
J Public Health Dentistry 1996;56:309–318.
Figure 13.3.1. Oral and pharyngeal cancer deaths (per 100,000*) in 1998 by race/ethnicity, gender, and education
 [D]
*Age adjusted to the year 2000 U.S. standard population.
Data source: 1998 National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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